What is a primary characteristic of a smart factory?

The primary characteristic of a smart factory is the integration of IoT (Internet of Things) and automation technologies. This integration enables a connected ecosystem where machines, devices, and systems communicate with each other in real-time, leading to improved efficiency, flexibility, and responsiveness in the manufacturing process. Smart factories leverage data analytics and advanced technology to optimize operations, facilitate predictive maintenance, and enhance decision-making, creating a more agile manufacturing environment.

In contrast, limited use of automation would not accurately define a smart factory, as significant reliance on automation is a hallmark of smart manufacturing. Similarly, reliance on outdated manufacturing techniques contradicts the innovative and forward-thinking nature of smart factories, which seek to modernize processes and enhance productivity. Lastly, the absence of data exchange capabilities is contrary to the foundational principle of a smart factory, as effective data exchange enables seamless communication and integration across various components of the manufacturing system. Thus, the integration of IoT and automation technologies stands out as the correct answer, embodying the essence of what makes a factory "smart."