In which of the following systems is automated transportation involved?

Automated guided vehicles (AGVs) are specifically designed for the automated transportation of goods within industrial environments. They navigate through predefined paths or can be programmed to follow dynamic routes and are commonly used in warehouses, manufacturing plants, and distribution centers to move materials from one location to another without human intervention. AGVs enhance efficiency by reducing labor costs and minimizing errors associated with manual transportation.

Robotic arms, while highly capable of performing tasks such as assembly, welding, or packing, do not serve the primary function of transporting items over distances. Vertical lift modules (VLMs) are systems designed for vertical storage and retrieval of items but do not transport items over horizontal distances. Palletizers are machines that automate the process of stacking products onto pallets, focusing on organization rather than transportation. Therefore, AGVs are the most suitable choice when it comes to automated transportation systems.